BDE - tecnical info 2770 |
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NUMBER : 2770 PRODUCT : BDE VERSION : All OS : Windows DATE : August 5, 1996
TITLE : BDE Frequently Asked Questions.
BDEVTOOLS SECTION #4 - Borland DB Engine 3/23/95 ---------------------------------------------------------------
This document contains information most often provided to users of this section. First, there is a listing of common Technical Information Documents (TI's) that can be downloaded from the libraries and are also available through the TechFax line of Borland Assist. Following the TI list, there is a listing of the most frequently asked questions and answers.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DOCUMENTS -------------------------------
TI2546.ZIP Problem Report Form. TI2656.ZIP Function mapping from the Paradox Engine to BDE. TI2751.ZIP Some Internal BDE Limits (can change at any time). TI2752.ZIP Local SQL Reserved words. TI2761.ZIP Getting started using the BDE. TI2762.ZIP Comparison filters. TI2763.ZIP Using a continue node in a Filter. TI9410.ZIP Overview information on the BDE.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS --------------------------------------
1) General 2) Paradox Specifics 3) dBASE Specifics
GENERAL -------
Q: Is there any "Getting started" information on the BDE?
A: Yes - get the file TI2761.ZIP for information on getting started with the BDE.
Q: What's the difference between Paradox for Windows and the Borland Database Engine (BDE)?
A: Paradox for Windows is a database Application and development system. The BDE is a programming tool allowing C, C++, and Pascal programmers access to Paradox, dBASE, Text, as well as other data sources using either the Borland SQL Links for Windows native drivers, or using third-party ODBC drivers. The BDE contains the core DLLs that Paradox for Windows, as well as dBASE for Windows, use for their core data access. More general information on the BDE can be found in the file TI9410.ZIP.
Q: What basic steps can I follow to make my BDE application run smoothly?
A: 1) Increase stack size to 20K. 2) Increase the number of file handles available to your application using the Windows API function SetHandleCount. 3) Check the return values of each and every BDE function call and provide some means for handling the result of any return value other than DBIERR_NONE. (See next question also). 4) Take a look at TI2761.ZIP, which describes the basic steps that are required in setting up a BDE application.
Q: I'm having trouble with my program, and the debugger has traced the problem into a BDE DLL. Does this mean that there is a bug in the BDE?
A: Not necessarily. Frequently if a prior call to the BDE has failed due to being passed an invalid handle or for some other reason, this will leave the BDE in an unpredictable state which will later cause a GP fault. The solution is to check the return values of each and every function call you make. The BDE sample applications contain error handling routines.
Q: Why is my application having problems when share is loaded?
A: One possibility is that share could be running out of locks or file handles. The command line 'share /L:200 /F:4096' will increase the number of files that can be locked to 200 and the memory available for files to 4096 (the default is 20 and 2048). See your DOS or WINDOWS manual for more information on share.
Q: Is there a version of the Database Framework (DBF) for the BDE? Is there a C++ Framework for the BDE?
A: An example framework, roughly 95% compatible with the Paradox Engine DBF, is available on CompuServe in the BDEVTOOLs forum, LIBrary 4: KDBF.ZIP.
Q: Why am I getting the error: "Could not initialize IDAPI - not initialized for accessing network drives" when attempting to open a table on a network?
A: 1) Make certain the network control directory (NET DIR) is set to a directory on the network (not local). This is set in the BDE Configuration utility. 2) Make certain that you have read/write/create rights to the network control directory, as well as the directory containing the table. 3) Make certain that the private directory is set to a local directory. For example, in the Database Desktop (DBD), the private directory is set in the WIN.INI file, in the [DBD] section, PrivDir. If it is set to a directory on the network, this error can occur. 4) Old lock files exist in the private directory. Either the application previously crashed, resulting in improper cleanup, or another application is using the same private directory. 5) Under Windows for Workgroups (WfW), search your hard drive for the NWCALLS.DLL. Rename/backup the older versions of this file and run again.
If this fails to resolve the problem, you will need to make certain to not use the NetBEUI protocol as the default network protocol in Windows Setup. Select NetWare (or some other protocol) as the networking protocol, and everything should work successfully.
Q: Why am I getting the error "Cannot find NetWare.DLL"?
A: An outdated netware.drv is found in the System.ini file. A newer version of this file should be gotten from your network administrator, and/or Novell.
Q: How do I use the BDE in a DLL that is called from Paradox for Windows or dBASE for Windows?
A: Make certain to use dynamic linking when using the BDE in a DLL called from another application. This will be done automatically when using the IDAPI.LIB that ships with the BDE, but will not be done if an import library was created using IMPLIB (the shipping IDAPI.LIB is more than a standard import library).
Q: Why am I having problems getting information from the DbiGetFieldDescs function?
A: Make certain to have 'Allocate Enums as Ints' set (Options | Compiler | Code Generation in BC 4.x). The FLDDesc structure, which is used by DbiGetFieldDesc, contains an enum, which within the DLL is set to the same size as an int (two bytes).
Q: Why am I having stack corruption problems? or Why is my application crashing when calling or returning from a function?
A: First, make certain that you have 25k of stack allocated for your application. Then, make certain that you have 'Allocate enums as ints' selected. A number of structures, including CURProps, make use of enumerations. As there enumerations are allocated two bytes within the DLL, we need to make certain that the application is passing two bytes as well. This is done with the 'Allocate enums as ints' option.
Q: How can I optimize BDE performance on table operations?
A: Although there are a number of ways to improve BDE performance, some general things to try are as follows: 1) Keep the number of maintained secondary indexes to a minimum; sometimes it is better to delete the index and recreate it than to perform a number of table operations with the indexes in place. 2) If possible, increase the size of the swap buffer and the number of file handles that the BDE has available to it. This will decrease the Engine's need to swap resources. Note: make certain to increase the file handles available to your application using SetHandleCount, as well as increasing the number of file handles available to the BDE in IDAPI.CFG. 3) Open the table exclusively. 4) Batch as many opperations as possible - do not read/ write records one as a time. Use DbiBatchMove, DbiCopyTable, DbiReadBlock, and/or DbiWriteBlock. 5) When using DbiWriteBlock, try to work in multiples of the physical block size, usually 2k or 4k. 6) If you are opening and closing one or more tables repeatedly, consider calling DbiAcqPersistTableLock on a non-existent file after you initialize the BDE. This will create the .LCK file so that it will not have to be created each time a table is opened, created, etc. (Note: you'll also want to call DbiRelPersistTableLock before calling DbiExit). Paradox Tables Only. 7) Work with in-memory tables when possible (Note that in-memory tables cannot be the source table to DbiBatchMove).
Q: Is there a version of the BDE for Win32?
A: There currently is not a version of the BDE for 32-bit Windows. We are commited to a version of the BDE for Win-32 in the Chicago timeframe.
Q: Can I use the DOS Power Pack with the Borland Database Engine?
A: No. The BDE makes use of Windows API functions that are not emulated by the DOS Power Pack.
Q: Why am I getting the error 'Invalid BLOB Handle in record Buffer' when I attempt to modify a record containing a BLOB?
A: This error is caused by not setting up the record correctly. Make certain to call DbiInitRecord on the record buffer before reading the record from the table.
Q: Why does my application crash when using filters?
A: Beside the general suggestion at the top of this file, as well as errors in setting up offsets of the filter, this error can be caused by setting the iPriority parameter to DbiAddFiler to 0. Make certain to set this value to 1. (There is a misprint in some copies of the BDE Users Guide to set this to 0).
PARADOX SPECIFICS -----------------
Q: How do I access tables in a read-only directory (such as a table on a CD-ROM)?
A: A directory lock needs to be placed within the directory containing the table to prevent the BDE from attempting to create a lock file (.LCK) in that directory. An example of this is included in the SNIPIT example application, in the file RDOLOCK.C.
Q: I got "Table locked/busy" and it's neither?
A: This error happens when the application tries to lock a table when the corresponding prevent lock already exists, or when the application tries to set a prevent lock and a conflicting lock already exists. Check for old, unused lock files. Delete any .lck files that may exist after all BDE applications have terminated. Also run the TUtility program to test for table validity.
Q: Why do I get the error "Multiple Paradox Net Files Found?"
A: In addition to the case of two application referencing different physical PARADOX.NET files, this error message can be caused by old .LCK files or when two applications using the same NET file are mapped differently. Also make certain that the BDE DLL's are not left in memory. This error can also occur if differnt mapping are used to reference the same file. For example, if h:\one\two on one system points to the same physical location as h:\three on another system, the BDE will not recognize that it is only a single .NET file. Make certain that the path matches.
Q: I am working with a Peer-to-Peer network, like Windows for Workgroups, Lantastic, or Personal Netware, and I am getting "Multiple Paradox Net Files Found", what is wrong?
A: The BDE requires that everyone use the exact same directory and drive letter. Therefore, if the tables are on c:\tables on the shared drive and user maps the shared drive as f: then f:\tables points to the same place as the shared drive's c:\tables. However, the drive letter must also match. The way around this is to subst drive c: as drive f: This way both c: and f: point to the same drive. Now f:\tables on the shared drive's computer points to the c:\tables and everyone is using f:\tables. For more information on the subst command look in your DOS manual. However, remember that if LASTDRIVE is set to f: in your CONFIG.SYS then the last drive you can subst is f:
dBASE SPECIFICS ---------------
Q: How do I insert a Date into a dBASE table using Local SQL?
A: 'INSERT INTO myTable (myField) value ("01/01/94")'
Q: How can I create a case-insensitive index?
A: Case insensitive indexes are not directly supported, but can be simulated using an expression index with the upper() function.
Q: Why can I insert a duplicate record into a dBASE table when I have a unique index defined?
A: dBASE does not enforce the uniqueness within the table - only within the index. When the table is opened on that index, only one record with a given key value will be present in the index, but both values exist in the table.
Q: Why am I getting the error DBIERR_NOSUCHINDEX, "Index does not exist", when I attempt to open a FOX table?
A: The BDE does not transparently support FOX (CDX) indexes. When a FOX table has a CDX index, it is marked as the production index of that table. The BDE by design has to open the production index when the table is opened. As it cannot access the FOX production index (CDX), it returns as error.
DISCLAIMER: You have the right to use this technical information subject to the terms of the No-Nonsense License Statement that you received with the Borland product to which this information pertains. |